Why Male Goats Are Wethered
We raise Nigerian Dwarf goats primarily for milk production. That means the does need to be bred yearly to produce milk and that about half of the resulting offspring will be male.
Unfortunately, only a few intact male goats (bucks) are really needed in the goat breeding world; and, those bucks are usually rather smelly. So, only a few bucks are wanted.
Some goat breeders don’t keep bucks at all because of the space they require, the smell, and the feed they consume. These breeders prefer to “rent” bucks from other farms to breed their does yearly.
Therefore, only the bucks that have the best bloodlines for milk production, dairy conformation, and hardiness are kept intact as herd sires. All other males are wethered or disposed of in other ways.
Wethered male goats make very sweet pets and great 4H projects for kids. Wethers have none of the hormonal issues of either bucks or does. They don’t smell bad like the bucks, don’t go into heat like the does, and are typically very sweet and affectionate.
Methods for Wethering Goats
There are three popular methods for wethering goats; 1) surgically, 2) burdizzo, or 3) banding:
Surgically wethering goats is done by physically cutting and has the disadvantage of leaving an open wound. The burdizzo method crushes the spermatic cord. The major disadvantage of this method is that the cords are sometimes not completely crushed leaving the goat intact.
Wethering goats via banding is typically bloodless, the least complicated to perform, and the most commonly used. So that’s the method we’ve chosen. It involves placing a thick elastic band around the scrotum above the testes of the goat (which cuts off the blood supply) and then waiting until the testes shrivel and fall off. This usually takes two to four weeks depending on the age of the goat when banded
When (How Old) to Wether Goats via Banding
Banding goats when they are younger seems to cause them less discomfort; however, banding them too early can lead to problems with urinary calculi (see Goat Wethers & Urinary Calculi). This can be very serious and even fatal.
With urinary calculi, the goat develops stones (like kidney stones in a human) that prevent it from urinating. If the blockage is not removed, the goat’s bladder will rupture and the goat will die. It can be very difficult to remove the blockage, so it’s best to prevent it from happening.
Urinary calculi is usually caused by feeding too much grain and not enough roughage and/or banding wethers too soon. After a certain age, wethers don’t need grain at all. So, if a wether develops urinary calculi, it’s often because it was banded too soon.
When a buckling is banded to wether it, the hormones that cause the urinary tract to grow slow down significantly. Therefore, the urinary tract stops growing. If a male goat is wethered too soon, the urinary tract may be very small and increase the chance of blockage. Therefore, it’s often recommended that wethers not be banded until they are at least ten to twelve weeks old.
Buckling – Bramblestone Dillinger
Equipment Necessary For Wethering
The equipment needed for banding is fairly simple and inexpensive. Just the elastrator used to expand the elastic band and the elastic bands themselves (see photos below) are needed. They can be ordered from numerous livestock supply sources and are about $15.00 for the elastrator and a package of one hundred bands (the bands last for several years if kept refrigerated).
Elastrator for Banding
Applying the Band
Application of the band takes two people. One person holding the goat upright, facing outward toward the other person applying the band. The elastic band is placed on the elastrator, the elastrator is squeezed to expand the band, the band is positioned on the scrotum above the testes, and the elastrator is removed allowing the band to constrict the scrotum (being careful not to pinch teats or other skin).
Once the buckling is banded, it’s important to keep an eye on the area to make sure it stays clean and dry, or to apply a topical ointment if necessary (to prevent flystrike or infection if there’s an open wound). The buckling should also have received his CD/T shot prior to the procedure or an injection of tetanus antitoxin should be administered.
Wethering Bands
It’s best to wait as long as possible to band the baby bucklings. That allows their urethra grows to size so that they won’t have difficulties with urinary calculi (urinary stones). But, they may become fertile at about eight weeks so most folks don’t wait much longer than that.
We’ve been banding the bucklings at between ten and twelve weeks of age. So far, there haven’t been any complications with the procedure. The former bucklings usually lie down for a while after being banded but seem to be back to normal within an hour or so.
Sam says
I have a buck that was born in January. Would it be possible to band him without issue? We usually band much earlier but we were unsure if we wanted another intact male so we waited….. Now we are sure we don’t want another one.
Lesa says
Hi Sam, yes, it’s possible to band a buck a little older. We’ve done it and had no issues; however, we had to find a banding tool that was a little larger than the one we use for the 3-month-old bucklings. Good Luck!
hana says
We used the California bander and it worked very well on our older bucks!
Robert says
Just recently banded one of our 3 bucklings. Testes and horns at the same time he’s about 4 months old and now he’s totally isolating himself everyday and not socializing at all. It’s been 2 and a half weeks since I put the bands on and feels terrible now that he just seems scared of everyone including the other animals. He doesn’t seem to be in pain at all just seems like he’s such a loner now. I hoping he will come back around once process is complete. Just feel like I did the wrong thing
Lesa says
Hi Robert, I’m sorry to hear that he’s reacting so negatively. Usually they do fine with just the testes, but if you did the horns too then that may be the problem, I hear that a lot of them react badly when the horns are done.
Marcy says
We have a male miniture Nigerian dwarf billygoat. It has been chasing our cattle. Would it be wise to band him to settle him down? He is about 3 years old.
Lesa says
Hi Marcy, Only you can decide whether to band him, it should settle him down but it’s usually done when they’re quite young. So, I’m not sure how his behavior will change. You might want to talk to your Vet to see what he/she advises.
Mechelle says
Lisa. I have two little boys. Both abiut 9 months. Can I still band them. Or is it too late.
Lesa says
Hi Mechelle,
You can still band them at that age, we’ve done that before without issues. However, you might need to find a larger banding tool – we borrowed one since we were only wanting to do one boy. Good Luck!
Tammy says
He needs a wether to be with him because they are heard animals. Get him one and your problem will be solved and banding him at this age would be very cruel. Think about that.
Michele says
I am new to goats as well but recently purchased two wethers that were banded at 9 weeks. I was told to buy/feed them a loose mineral that was high in copper. They said a 50 lb. bag would last a year for 2 goats. They also said to feed a 50/50 mix of complete goat feed and alfalfa pellets with all the hay they want (which should be fed off the ground due to parasites) and just feed once a day. Is all this okay or would you do different?
Lesa says
Hi Michele, Congratulations on your new goats! Well, if your goats are in good health then it’s best not to switch their diet suddenly if you decide to change things (do it slowly). As far as what you are feeding, it sounds about right except I’m not sure you need the complete goat feed or alfalfa. Wethers generally don’t need the grain and do fine on just good hay. I would feed them free choice hay (available all the time) and goat mineral. Maybe a little of the alfalfa or goat feed as a bit of a treat at times. Feeding off the ground is a good idea because of parasites.
Melinda Lopez says
Hello. I am blessed to get two Nigerian Dwarf wethers that were banded at around 11 weeks old. I’ve had them three weeks. One of theirs dropped off today. Do I need to apply any type of ointment or clean the area, or does it heal on its own? Thank you.
Lesa says
Hi Melinda, congratulations on your wethers!. Usually, when they drop off there’s no open wound so you don’t need to clean the area or keep it covered with ointment (to prevent flystrike or infection). If there is an open wound then you should clean it and keep it covered.
Kate Moore says
Hi Lesa! I am obsessed with your websites and blogs. Thank you for doing these. I recently rescued 3 ND goats that are still in tact. Can I band them now at 3? If yes what advise do you have.
They smell awful for a mile and their behavior is aggressive. Thank you again.
Lesa says
Hi Kate, glad you’re finding the blog useful! I don’t know why you couldn’t band them even though they’re older. You may have to find a larger elastrator tool though. Process should be the same, they’re just a little bigger in size. Yes, they do smell awful! I’m sure a Vet could also do it surgically if you were uncomfortable with banding at a later age.
Stephanie Casey says
I banded our two goats and they are 4 months old. I did it yesterday and even today they are still laying around not as active as they used to be. Is this normal ?
Thank you 😊
Lesa says
Hi Stephanie, We usually band at 10 – 12 weeks and they are back to normal pretty quickly (like hours). I would watch them closely and make sure something else isn’t going on.
Rachel L. Helberg says
You brought back a very funny memory for me – THANK YOU! We (my sister and I ) would band our baby boys and watch as they would flop over and cry out – BUT ONLY FOR ABOUT 5-10 MINUTES – then they would get right back up, bounce back over to us and want to be scratched and played with. It never failed to make us giggle on their recoup powers. They acted like nothing happened at all. I still love watching baby goats bounce. I swear they are NOT born walking, but born bouncing – LOL!
Lesa says
Hi Rachel – yes they recover fast and bouncing baby goats are the best!
Stacey says
Hi, how soon after banding can the male be housed with the females? Thank you.
Lesa says
Hi Stacey, We always waited until the testicles fell off just to be safe.
Jennifer says
Hi, I have 3 Nigerian dwarf Pygmy goats. 1 Doe and 2 Bucks They are about 3 years old. When I got them I was told both bucks had been banded. Over the last few months I noticed my Doe was looking heavy and her udders have grown and are now very full. Is it possible one of our bucks wasn’t banded correctly and mated? Or could this be something else going on with my Doe?
Lesa says
Hi Jennifer, Congratulaations on your goats! Frst, you probably have either Nigerian Dwarf Goats or Pygmy goats, they’re two different breeds. Second, yes one of your bucks could have been improperly banded. It’s called a retained testicle and it can happen if one testicle gets pushed up inside the buck when he’s banded. You always need to make sure both testicles are down before applying the band. If there’s a retained testicle then the buck is still fertile. It sounds very much like you have a pregnant doe. There is also a rare condition where doe’s make milk even though they are not pregnant called a precocious udder. However, since you say she’s gotten heavy, I suspect pregnancy and if her udder is very full she is probably due very soon. I would watch her carefully and start preparing for kidding. You may be able to feel the kids moving inside by placing a hand on her tummy and confirm.
Jennifer says
Thank you for the information, very helpful.
Tammy says
Reach down and see if your boys have nuts or just look. If they do they were not banded correctly and they have become bucks. Congratulations on expecting babies! She’s pg!
Walter Harlow says
Enjoyed the conversations My doe had two kids 12/4/2020. While away for Christmas doe & male kid went missing 12/29. Bottle feeding remaining female. Veteranarin said the male will breed with kid unless a)castrate dad b)sell kid. I want have her neutered. What age can this be done. Other herd member is fixed. Thanks
Lesa says
Hi Walter, It’s unusual to have a doe kid spayed, but it can be done similar to having a female dog or cat spayed. Goats typically don’t handle anesthesia well, so it’s extremely important to find a veterinarian with experience in doing this with goats before proceeding. Also, it is likely to be expensive – I would guess several hundred dollars. As far as age, I think that would depend on breed and size of the doe kid. Probably bigger and older is better to deal with the anesthesia, but you’d want to have it done before she comes into heat if she’s with her dad. Some goat breeds don’t generally come into heat until fall, whereas others (like Nigerians) can be bred year round.
Sandra Hanes says
I have two standard Nubian does about a year and a half old which have never been bred. I want to have F1 kinders so I have purchased an adorable Nigerian dwarf buckling. I will get him at weaning. I have been told that a ND will have no trouble mating with a standard sized doe…where there’s a will, there’s a way! Here was my plan. Please let me know if this is feasible or even possible! lol
I know that the bucklings are able to breed very early and that they should not be banded before around 8 weeks. What I would like to do is put the buckling in with my two Nubian does (who may or may not still be going in heat every 21 days- hoping that the presence of the buckling will cause them to go into heat). Once it appears that the buckling and does have had several “dates”, I would then either wether the buckling (because I dont’ want the buckiness of an intact male). I have raised a wethered Nubian and he was fine so I wouldn’t mind keeping him after banding him. The other option is to sell him which would probably be difficult for me to do because I get so attached to my animals so quickly.
So…..would it be okay to keep the buckling with the does until mating and then wether him and continue to keep him as a pet/companion goat. I would then keep my Nubian does and any kinder doelings and sell any kinder bucklings. I will most likely not breed the Nubians or kinders again.
Would waiting that late (maybe several months) be too late to band? Would the buckling exhibit typical rutting behavior and scent? After being wethered would he exhibit the same buckiness or would the scent and behavior disappear (along with his testicles!) In other words is the effect of the early hormones going to carry over after wethering?
Very convoluted I know. It would have been easier to just “rent-a-buck” but couldn’t find any one in my area that would transport and we don’t have a large enough carrrier at the present time to take our does for a “garage date”. Also, he is adorable..pure white with four black stockings. I’m calling him “Kinky Boots”!
Thanks so much for any guidance you can give.
Jamila
Lesa says
Hi,
I think your plan sounds fine, you can certainly keep him intact until you’re sure the does are bred and then wether him after that. Even though they’re usually capable of breeding when pretty young, the ND boys normally don’t start smelling bucky until at least their first fall (they still act bucky). You may find that it will be fall before your Nubian does do get pregnant, they aren’t known for being year-round breeders. So, make good and sure they’re pregnant before you wether the little guy. Also, while he’s young and not fragrant, be sure to spend lots of time with him so he does make a good friendly pet once wethered. Once wethered, he should lose his bucky characteristics although some wethers still act a little bucky when does are in heat (but they don’t smell like a buck!) I think that wethered boys make the best pets, they’ve got none of the hormonal issues of girls or boys!
Tina Sana-Unger says
I just had my 6 week old goats banded, because I was afraid of them getting the Dams pregnant, did I just make a huge mistake on their health doing this to soon?
Lesa says
Hi Tina,
Unfortunately, it’s really recommended that the boys NOT be banded until they are 10 – 12 weeks old for health reasons as described above. Hopefully, they will be fine, but I’d watch them carefully. In the future, the boys usually aren’t fertile until about 12 weeks old, so that’s also why it’s often done then.
Lori says
Have 3 Nigerian goat babies 2 bucklings and 1 doe 2 weeks old is it ok to let them together. They butt heads alot and try to hump little doeling.
Lesa says
Hi Lori,
Yes, it’s ok for them to be together at first as long as the boys aren’t so much bigger than the doe that they hurt her. However, when they get a little older it’s better to separate them. The boys can become fertile as early as about 12 weeks and are usually getting much larger than the girls, so it’s a good idea to separate the boys and girls by about 12 weeks (if you’re going to let the boys remain intact).
Meghan says
So I mustn’t you feed weathered goats grain?
Just got a 10 week old male and we’re going to fix him.
Lesa says
Hi Meghan, Too much grain can cause urinary calculi in wethers and wethers don’t really need the grain, so most people don’t feed them much grain so they don’t risk them getting urinary calculi.
Ruby Escarsega says
Can wethers be banded at five months?
Lesa says
Hi Ruby, Yes – I’m not aware of any time limit on how old they can be when they are wethered, the only isssue is that you need to find a bander that’s large enough to do the job. And larger banders are available, we borrowed a larger one from a friend and banded a buckling that was about a year old.
Pat Walters says
How soon after banding can a wether be put in with the girls, without worrying about him getting anyone pregnant? Thanks.
Lesa says
Hi Pat, If you don’t want to worry about anyone getting pregnant, I would wait until everything falls off – that usually takes at least a month in our experience.
Laura Hull says
I have six pygmy goats
I lost one due to banding it had been banded before and one stayed intact so I had to redo it . Both times done by a vet with medication for pain. The goat got up moved around but the next morning it was dead
Now I have two young Male goats to be banded in the fall and I’m scared which is the safest way to have Male goats fixed
Lesa says
Hi Laura, we think banding is the safest way, but we’ve never used a vet or medication for pain. The procedure doesn’t seem to cause them much discomfort after the first minute or so and goats sometimes don’t respond well to pain medication.
Christine joy says
What happens if one testicle appears to not have been in the band? It looked like we got them both when we had it done but now there is a large soft lump right by the band. It’s been 4 weeks.
Lesa says
Hi Christine,
If one testicle did not get banded, then you may have a half-neutered kid. That would really be less than ideal because he’ll still probably have all the issues you were trying to avoid by having him wethered in the first place. I would consider redoing it.
Gina says
Hello! Just starting out in the world of goats! My kiddos are in 4H and want to show goats BUT not sell them at the end of fair. We would like to get Nigerian Dwarf or Pygmy goats. At this time we’re not interested in milking or breeding, I’ve read repeatedly about wethered bucks but what about females can we have them fixed also?
Lesa says
Hi Gina,
Most folks use young female goats (doelings) for 4H projects but don’t get them fixed. As long as you don’t expose them to a buck, you don’t have to worry about breeding or milking. They make good pets!
patricia mccandless says
we will soon be banding our nigerian dwarft goat which is 10 m0nths old but cant find the cdt injections. any suggestions where we can get it. in our community there is not a vet that will care for any type of goat so we are running blind with this issue.
Lesa says
Hi Patricia,
You can order the CD&T injectable on-line from this source: https://www.valleyvet.com/ct_detail.html?pgguid=f8ab8f2f-1e3a-4d22-b580-598a4a96e930&sfb=1&itemguid=4d552813-c330-43ea-8532-63f3ce6be4e9&utm_content=40274&ccd=IBSF0001&utm_source=BingAds&utm_medium=shopping&CAWELAID=120295250000216361&CATARGETID=120295250000501692&CADEVICE=c&msclkid=1b5a3c187dfb13e6bd3e60da19287ae4&utm_campaign=F%20Cat%20Goat%20Sheep%20(3000)%20Vaccines%20(3100)%20v2%20PLA&utm_term=4584963488294691 or it’s typically available at Tractor Supply stores.
MAMA T says
We have been keeping Nigerian goats for about a year and are still in the learning process. Our doe was exposed and had her twins Jan 28th. Needless to say this is not the ideal timing for kidding in the Colorado Rockies. I kept mom and kids indoors the first 3 days as our nights were in the single digits and yesterday they were put out during the day (high of 45 degrees.) But, mama started hollering about 3pm and wouldn’t let up till we let her and the babes back in. They do have shelter outdoors from the wind and a 4 sided shed, but using the deep bedding method I worry about ammonia inhalation for the babies as well as the cold. My husband feels since mountain goats survive our climate just fine that our Nigerians should too. Any suggestions?
Lesa says
Hi Mama T,
Well, Nigerian Dwarf goats are NOT mountain goats – they are native to the hot regions of Africa. So, I would not be letting 3-day old babies out into the cold. As far as inhalation ammonia, it’s important to get down at their level and see if you can smell ammonia. If you can, then it’s time to clean things out and put down another layer of chips and straw for bedding.
joey says
can I band a 3 year old
Lesa says
Hi Joey, I’ve never banded a boy that old but I don’t know why you couldn’t. I think about the oldest we’ve banded was around a year old, and at that point, we had to get a larger size elastrator than the one we normally use for the 12-week olds. But, other than that, things worked the same.
Heather says
Will a buck be less smelly after being banded, even if it is later in age. (Like about a year old)
Thanks!
Lesa says
Hi Heather, the good news is yes, once a buck has been banded (if the procedure was done correctly) he should be much less smelly as a wether. And, not have the other habits associated with bucks either!
Heather says
Oh awesome, i have two that i got from a rescue and im new to goats, I didn’t realize quite how smelly they would be and im almost to the point of searching for a new home for them its so bad:( i was planning to band them myself. Any tips to make sure its done right? They have tetanus and i plan to give a shot of penicillin from other things iv read.
Thank you so much.
Wes says
Which would make a better family pet? 1 or 2 intact female Nigerian Dwarf with no males around? Male Nigerians disbudded and wethered? Or what about 1 intact female and 1 male disbudded and wethered? Do I need two goats for companionship or is 1 goat ok for a family pet? My goal is a nice gentle sweet loving goat for a family pet! Thanks
Lesa says
Hi Wes,
Good questions! Goats are herd animals so you definitely need two – otherwise, they get very sad and lonely. I think that disbudded and wethered male Nigerians make the best pets. They have none of the hormonal issues of the males or females and when well socialized make the sweetest pets around. You can also do 2 intact disbudded females with no males around, they also make sweet pets but in fall they may be looking for a boy a few times for a couple of months. Or a disbudded intact female and disbudded wethered male. If you think that you might ever wish to breed a girl, then I’d go with that option. If you don’t think you’d ever want to breed the girl, then I’d go with the disbudded and wethered boys. Good quality wethers are also much less expensive than does (usually around $100 each) versus $500 or so for a good quality doe.Hoe that helps!
Jack Rudd says
I am getting a 3 month + old male Norwegian Dwarf goat to keep my miniature horse company. My neighbor, who breeds them doesn’t have the stomach to band the male before I get it so I am going to have to do it. It doesn’t seem to hard to do, what pointers other than what is in the article can you suggest? This will be the first goat I have owned since I was a kid at home. I am nervous about it but I know it has to be done. I have smelled his intact male and it is pretty dang stinky…….
Lesa says
Hi Jack,
Yes, the bucks are very stinky this time of year so I would definitely band that companion for your horse. It really isn’t very difficult to do, but it does take two people. Just make sure the goat has gotten it’s CD/T shot and booster. Have someone strong, hold the goat sitting up with his underside facing out toward whoever’s doing the banding. That way the bander can clearly see what they’re doing. Then it’s simply placing the band on the elastrator, expanding the band, carefully placing it on the goat in the right spot, and then gently removing the elastrator so the band contracts and starts cutting off the blood supply. There shouldn’t be an open wound of any kind, but check the area frequently to make sure nothing is developing. That’s it!
Elizabeth says
I have 2 pygmy boys that were given to me and they are 7 and 10 months old. Are they too old to band? Thank you!
Lesa says
Hi Elizabeth, I don’t believe that they are too old to band; however, the banding tool that is typically used for the miniature boys like pygmy’s and nigies may not work. A larger banding tool that is typically used for standard size kids may be necessary. We have banded a Nigie that was past a year old but we had to borrow the larger banding tool in order to do it.
sydney says
Lesa, would the orange elastor tool that is recommended above in this article work for banding a year old male? Would the actual rubber band need to be bigger as well or are they all the same size? Thanks!
Lesa says
Hi Sydney, I believe that the bands are all essentially the same size. If the orange handled tool recommended above opens as wide as the advertiser says, then yes it should work.
Nancy Thompson says
I am new to goats, At first I was intending to get 3 wethers as pets but now I am becoming anxious about the banding and urinary tract problems. Do female goats go into heat if they have never had a baby ? Also we are having a really nice barn delivered with a wooden floor . Would it be advisable to paint floor with epoxy paint with sand added ? Thanks!
Lesa says
Hi Nancy, Yes female goats go into heat even if they have never had a baby. They are mammals just like humans so work in very similar ways. I believe that wethers make the best pets but female goats work well too. As far as the barn, I prefer to have dirt floors because the urine can soak into the ground. I’m not experienced with a wooden floor for goats. We had concrete in parts of our barn that we removed so that we had dirt floors where the goats were housed.
Santana Judith Hahn says
I’m concerned my goats were wethered at 8 weeks. I’m new to goats. Now I’m worried they will have urinary tract issues. My vet told me to feed grain, now I’m reading it’s best not to feed grain to wethered goats.
Lesa says
What are you feeding them and why did your Vet advise feeding them grain? Is he a Vet that is knowledgeable about goats?
Edwin says
It is possible you misunderstood the Vet.
Do not feed Grain to Weathers.
Long strain Quality Hay, no Alfalfa ( high in Calcium)
Small amount (small handful )
Medicated Pellet food daily is OK.
Baking Soda and Granulated Goat minerals offered freely.
Brenton C. Delong says
We were planning on buying a couple of female goats when we get a house outside of town. These are going to be pet only goats. I was wondering if females will produce milk if they are surgically fixed. We have no intention of milking them.
Tammy says
Females won’t produce milk unless they have babies.
Andre says
Tanks for all info you give to the farms i appreciate
after 10 weeks watt the age lemete
regards ANDRE Maputo Mozambique
Email . agitanense@gmail.com
Brenda Peck says
A female won’t need to be fixed if you don’t have any bucks or males that are not castrated around. They will be good pets if you leave them in tact.